Environment Variables

Grafana supports configuration through environment variables, which is particularly useful for containerized deployments, cloud environments, and keeping sensitive credentials out of configuration files.

Environment Variable Format

All configuration file settings can be overridden using environment variables with this format:

GF_<SectionName>_<KeyName>=<value>

Naming Convention

Prefix: GF_
Section name: Uppercase with underscores replacing dots
Key name: Uppercase with underscores replacing hyphens

Examples

Configuration File	Environment Variable
`[server]` `http_port`	`GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT`
`[database]` `type`	`GF_DATABASE_TYPE`
`[database]` `max_open_conn`	`GF_DATABASE_MAX_OPEN_CONN`
`[auth.github]` `client_id`	`GF_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID`
`[auth.google]` `enabled`	`GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_ENABLED`
`[security]` `admin_password`	`GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD`
`[smtp]` `from_address`	`GF_SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS`

Common Environment Variables

Server Configuration

# HTTP server settings
export GF_SERVER_PROTOCOL=http
export GF_SERVER_HTTP_ADDR=0.0.0.0
export GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT=3000
export GF_SERVER_DOMAIN=localhost
export GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=https://grafana.example.com/
export GF_SERVER_SERVE_FROM_SUB_PATH=false
export GF_SERVER_ROUTER_LOGGING=false
export GF_SERVER_ENABLE_GZIP=false

# HTTPS configuration
export GF_SERVER_PROTOCOL=https
export GF_SERVER_CERT_FILE=/etc/grafana/ssl/grafana.crt
export GF_SERVER_CERT_KEY=/etc/grafana/ssl/grafana.key
export GF_SERVER_MIN_TLS_VERSION=TLS1.2

Database Configuration

# PostgreSQL
export GF_DATABASE_TYPE=postgres
export GF_DATABASE_HOST=postgres.example.com:5432
export GF_DATABASE_NAME=grafana
export GF_DATABASE_USER=grafana
export GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=secretpassword
export GF_DATABASE_SSL_MODE=require
export GF_DATABASE_MAX_OPEN_CONN=100
export GF_DATABASE_MAX_IDLE_CONN=50
export GF_DATABASE_CONN_MAX_LIFETIME=14400

# MySQL
export GF_DATABASE_TYPE=mysql
export GF_DATABASE_HOST=mysql.example.com:3306
export GF_DATABASE_NAME=grafana
export GF_DATABASE_USER=grafana
export GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=secretpassword
export GF_DATABASE_SSL_MODE=true

# SQLite (default)
export GF_DATABASE_TYPE=sqlite3
export GF_DATABASE_PATH=grafana.db

# Connection URL format (alternative)
export GF_DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:password@host:5432/database

Security Configuration

# Admin credentials
export GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin
export GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=changeme
export GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@example.com
export GF_SECURITY_SECRET_KEY=SW2YcwTIb9zpOOhoPsMm

# Security options
export GF_SECURITY_DISABLE_INITIAL_ADMIN_CREATION=false
export GF_SECURITY_DISABLE_GRAVATAR=false
export GF_SECURITY_COOKIE_SECURE=true
export GF_SECURITY_COOKIE_SAMESITE=lax
export GF_SECURITY_ALLOW_EMBEDDING=false
export GF_SECURITY_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY=true
export GF_SECURITY_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY_MAX_AGE_SECONDS=86400

# Brute force protection
export GF_SECURITY_DISABLE_BRUTE_FORCE_LOGIN_PROTECTION=false
export GF_SECURITY_BRUTE_FORCE_LOGIN_PROTECTION_MAX_ATTEMPTS=5

Authentication Providers

GitHub OAuth:

export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_ENABLED=true
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=true
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID=your_github_client_id
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET=your_github_client_secret
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_SCOPES=user:email,read:org
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_AUTH_URL=https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_TOKEN_URL=https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_API_URL=https://api.github.com/user
export GF_AUTH_GITHUB_ALLOWED_ORGANIZATIONS=myorg

Google OAuth:

export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_ENABLED=true
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=true
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID=your_google_client_id
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET=your_google_client_secret
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_SCOPES=openid email profile
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_AUTH_URL=https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_TOKEN_URL=https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token
export GF_AUTH_GOOGLE_ALLOWED_DOMAINS=example.com

Azure AD:

export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_NAME=Azure AD
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_ENABLED=true
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=true
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_CLIENT_ID=your_client_id
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_CLIENT_SECRET=your_client_secret
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_SCOPES=openid email profile
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_AUTH_URL=https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-id>/oauth2/v2.0/authorize
export GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_TOKEN_URL=https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant-id>/oauth2/v2.0/token

Generic OAuth:

export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_ENABLED=true
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_NAME=OAuth
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=true
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=your_client_id
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=your_client_secret
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_SCOPES=openid email profile
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_AUTH_URL=https://provider.com/oauth/authorize
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_TOKEN_URL=https://provider.com/oauth/token
export GF_AUTH_GENERIC_OAUTH_API_URL=https://provider.com/oauth/userinfo

LDAP:

export GF_AUTH_LDAP_ENABLED=true
export GF_AUTH_LDAP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/grafana/ldap.toml
export GF_AUTH_LDAP_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=true

SMTP Configuration

export GF_SMTP_ENABLED=true
export GF_SMTP_HOST=smtp.example.com:587
export GF_SMTP_USER=grafana@example.com
export GF_SMTP_PASSWORD=smtp_password
export GF_SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS=grafana@example.com
export GF_SMTP_FROM_NAME=Grafana
export GF_SMTP_SKIP_VERIFY=false
export GF_SMTP_STARTTLS_POLICY=MandatoryStartTLS
export GF_SMTP_EHLO_IDENTITY=grafana.example.com

Paths Configuration

export GF_PATHS_DATA=/var/lib/grafana
export GF_PATHS_LOGS=/var/log/grafana
export GF_PATHS_PLUGINS=/var/lib/grafana/plugins
export GF_PATHS_PROVISIONING=/etc/grafana/provisioning
export GF_PATHS_TEMP_DATA_LIFETIME=24h

Logging Configuration

# Log mode: console, file, syslog
export GF_LOG_MODE="console file"
export GF_LOG_LEVEL=info
export GF_LOG_FILTERS=""

# Console logging
export GF_LOG_CONSOLE_LEVEL=info
export GF_LOG_CONSOLE_FORMAT=console

# File logging
export GF_LOG_FILE_LEVEL=info
export GF_LOG_FILE_FORMAT=text
export GF_LOG_FILE_LOG_ROTATE=true
export GF_LOG_FILE_MAX_LINES=1000000
export GF_LOG_FILE_MAX_DAYS=7
export GF_LOG_FILE_DAILY_ROTATE=true

User Management

export GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
export GF_USERS_ALLOW_ORG_CREATE=false
export GF_USERS_AUTO_ASSIGN_ORG=true
export GF_USERS_AUTO_ASSIGN_ORG_ID=1
export GF_USERS_AUTO_ASSIGN_ORG_ROLE=Viewer
export GF_USERS_VERIFY_EMAIL_ENABLED=false
export GF_USERS_DEFAULT_THEME=dark
export GF_USERS_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE=en-US

Analytics Configuration

export GF_ANALYTICS_REPORTING_ENABLED=false
export GF_ANALYTICS_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES=false
export GF_ANALYTICS_CHECK_FOR_PLUGIN_UPDATES=false
export GF_ANALYTICS_GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_UA_ID=""
export GF_ANALYTICS_GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_4_ID=""

Docker Environment Variables

When running Grafana in Docker, pass environment variables using the -e flag:

docker run -d \
  -p 3000:3000 \
  -e "GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=https://grafana.example.com" \
  -e "GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_TYPE=postgres" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_HOST=postgres:5432" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_NAME=grafana" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_USER=grafana" \
  -e "GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=grafana" \
  --name=grafana \
  grafana/grafana:latest

Or use a .env file with Docker Compose:

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    env_file:
      - .env
    volumes:
      - grafana-storage:/var/lib/grafana

volumes:
  grafana-storage:

# .env file
GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=https://grafana.example.com
GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret
GF_DATABASE_TYPE=postgres
GF_DATABASE_HOST=postgres:5432
GF_DATABASE_NAME=grafana
GF_DATABASE_USER=grafana
GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=grafana

Kubernetes Deployment

For Kubernetes, use ConfigMaps and Secrets:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: grafana-config
data:
  GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL: "https://grafana.example.com"
  GF_DATABASE_TYPE: "postgres"
  GF_DATABASE_HOST: "postgres:5432"
  GF_DATABASE_NAME: "grafana"
  GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP: "false"
  GF_AUTH_GITHUB_ENABLED: "true"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: grafana-secrets
type: Opaque
stringData:
  GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD: "secret"
  GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "grafana"
  GF_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET: "github_secret"
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: grafana-config
        - secretRef:
            name: grafana-secrets

Special Character Handling

When using environment variables with special characters, proper shell quoting may be required:

# Bash/Shell quoting
export GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD='p@ssw0rd!#'
export GF_SECURITY_SECRET_KEY="my-secret-key-123"

# Docker
docker run -e 'GF_DATABASE_PASSWORD=p@ssw0rd!#' grafana/grafana

# Kubernetes (base64 encoded in secrets)
echo -n 'p@ssw0rd!#' | base64

Verifying Environment Variables

To verify which environment variables are being used:

# List all GF_ environment variables
env | grep GF_

# In Docker
docker exec grafana env | grep GF_

# Check Grafana logs for configuration
docker logs grafana | grep -i config

Precedence and Overrides

Configuration values are applied in this order (later overrides earlier):

Default values from conf/defaults.ini
Custom configuration from conf/custom.ini
Environment variables (highest priority)
Command-line arguments

Environment variables always take precedence over configuration file settings.

Best Practices

Use environment variables for secrets - Never commit passwords to configuration files
Document your variables - Keep a list of required environment variables
Use secret management - Leverage Kubernetes Secrets, AWS Secrets Manager, or HashiCorp Vault
Validate before deployment - Test configuration in non-production environments
Avoid hardcoding - Use variable interpolation where possible
Use .env files locally - Keep development configuration consistent
Set defaults - Provide sensible defaults for non-sensitive variables

Troubleshooting

Environment variables not taking effect:

Verify the variable name follows the GF_SECTION_KEY format
Check for typos in variable names
Ensure variables are exported (use export in shell)
Restart Grafana after changing environment variables

Values not being parsed correctly:

Check for proper quoting of special characters
Verify boolean values are true or false (lowercase)
Ensure numeric values don’t have quotes

Debug configuration:

# Enable debug logging
export GF_LOG_LEVEL=debug

# Check applied configuration
grafana-server --config=/dev/null cfg:default

Installation

Configuration

Operations

Security

Environment Variables

Environment Variable Format

Naming Convention

Examples

Common Environment Variables

Server Configuration

Database Configuration

Security Configuration

Authentication Providers

SMTP Configuration

Paths Configuration

Logging Configuration

User Management

Analytics Configuration

Docker Environment Variables

Kubernetes Deployment

Special Character Handling

Verifying Environment Variables

Precedence and Overrides

Best Practices

Troubleshooting

Installation

Configuration

Operations

Security

​Environment Variable Format

​Naming Convention

​Examples

​Common Environment Variables

​Server Configuration

​Database Configuration

​Security Configuration

​Authentication Providers

​SMTP Configuration

​Paths Configuration

​Logging Configuration

​User Management

​Analytics Configuration

​Docker Environment Variables

​Kubernetes Deployment

​Special Character Handling

​Verifying Environment Variables

​Precedence and Overrides

​Best Practices

​Troubleshooting

Environment Variable Format

Naming Convention

Examples

Common Environment Variables

Server Configuration

Database Configuration

Security Configuration

Authentication Providers

SMTP Configuration

Paths Configuration

Logging Configuration

User Management

Analytics Configuration

Docker Environment Variables

Kubernetes Deployment

Special Character Handling

Verifying Environment Variables

Precedence and Overrides

Best Practices

Troubleshooting